The early success of these social uprisings have, as predicted by Trotsky’s Permanent Revolution theory, provided a model for activists in other nations to engage in similar political demonstrations and ensure the continued spread of the democratic activism throughout the Arab world. The events of the Arab Spring are a clear reflection of a disillusioned proletariat across the region rising in protest against entrenched authoritarian regimes, many of which have been in power for several decades. The most prominent example of Trotskyism’s successful use in the 21st Century can be seen through the democratic movements that have taken place throughout the Middle East in 2011, known colloquially as the ‘Arab Spring’.

The Stalinist regime hoped that this murder. While Trotsky himself was unable to implement the Permanent Revolution model of socialism, the principles established within the theory have been utilised by activists in the 21st Century to promote democratic values and encourage regime change throughout the international community. Sixty years ago, on August 21, 1940, Leon Trotsky died from wounds that had been inflicted by an agent of the Soviet secret police one day earlier. Moreover, this domestic revolution would inevitably provide inspiration to the working classes in nations throughout the world and eventually result in socialism becoming the dominant global ideology. In October 1932, almost three years after Stalin initiated dekulakization and a month after the first report of the Ukrainian famine appeared in his Biulleten’ Oppozitsii, Trotsky continued to warn the regime about the kulak danger. This philosophy claimed that in societies with a weak capitalist bourgeois it was the responsibility of the working classes to overthrow the entrenched aristocracy and establish a socialist state. Trotskyism is the Marxist ideology based on the theory of permanent revolution first expounded by Leon Trotsky, the Russian communist leader who believed in the idea of a global proletarian revolution. Trotsky’s search for contending classes to fit his Bonapartist model would prove to be elusive. Notable Marxist philosopher and revolutionary Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) promoted a political ideology that favoured the institution of what he described as a ‘Permanent Revolution’, wherein an invigorated working class would consistently strive for reform despite being pitted against a hostile capitalist establishment.

Trotsky models